lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khoa h\u1ecdc (ti\u1ebfng Anh: science) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc.[1] Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, r\u1ed3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Tri th\u1ee9c trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong\u00a0ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, “khoa h\u1ecdc”, “k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt” v\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n “khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt”). Tuy v\u1eady, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi\u00a0k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u00a0K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf,\u00a0ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh,\u00a0m\u00e1y m\u00f3c,\u00a0quy tr\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.[2]\u00a0C\u00f2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.[3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n