m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh y\u00eau, hay\u00a0\u00e1i t\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (“T\u00f4i y\u00eau m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i”) \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ni\u1ec1m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0(“T\u00f4i y\u00eau m\u00f3n \u0103n”). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac thu h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c g\u1eafn b\u00f3.[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 “m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c”.[2] T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.[3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0, do t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.[4] T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau: Quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n (trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p,\u00a0storge), t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n (philia), ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n (eros), v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (agape).[6][7]\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n.[8]\u00a0C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y.[9]\u00a0S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n