tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0xung \u0111\u1ed9t\u00a0(nh\u01b0\u00a0chi\u1ebfn tranh) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u00a0b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c\u00a0nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i giao\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t, t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd” (nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp “h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi”. H\u00e0nh vi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh”. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[1]\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t “b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh” nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea1nh tranh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n