evrenin veya olaylar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc konu olarak se\u00e7en, deneye dayanan y\u00f6ntemler ve ger\u00e7eklikten yararlanarak sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilgi t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bilim,\u00a0nedensellik,\u00a0merak\u00a0ve ama\u00e7 besleyen, olgular\u0131 ve iddialar\u0131\u00a0deney,\u00a0g\u00f6zlem\u00a0ve\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla\u00a0sistematik\u00a0bir \u015fekilde inceleyen\u00a0entelekt\u00fcel\u00a0ve pratik disiplinler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.[1]\u00a0Bir parantez a\u00e7mak gerekirse bu tan\u0131m\u0131n “ilim” i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir. Zira bilim somut, d\u00fcnyev\u00ee ve evrensel olaylar\u0131 kendine konu edinmi\u015fken ilim manev\u00ee olaylarla da ilgilenebilir fakat somut kan\u0131t sunmaz. Bilimi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131ran bilim felsefecileri bilimi\u00a0formal,\u00a0sosyal\u00a0ve\u00a0fenn\u00ee\u00a0bilimler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131r\u0131r.[2]\u00a0Bilimin di\u011fer t\u00fcm disiplinlerden en farkl\u0131 karakteristi\u011fi, savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 somut kan\u0131tlarla sunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ve bu da bilimi en g\u00fcvenilir disiplin olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bir\u00e7ok alt dala b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, insanlar\u0131n daha iyi ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na kavu\u015fmas\u0131na, bilinmeyen olgular\u0131 bulmam\u0131za ve yeni \u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenmemize \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcm bilim dallar\u0131 evrenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kendine konu olarak se\u00e7er, deneysel y\u00f6ntemlere ve ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe dayanarak yasalar \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.[3]\u00a0Einstein\u00a0bilimi,\u00a0her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fczenden yoksun duyu verileri ile d\u00fczenli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler aras\u0131nda uygunluk sa\u011flama \u00e7abas\u0131,[4]\u00a0Bertrand Russell\u00a0ise\u00a0g\u00f6zlem ve g\u00f6zleme dayal\u0131 ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme yoluyla d\u00fcnyaya ili\u015fkin olgular\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan yasalar\u0131 bulma \u00e7abas\u0131[5]\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ya\u015fama ortam\u0131na duydu\u011fu merak, ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltecek bir etkinli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ola\u011fan gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen olaylar\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131, asl\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gizemlerle dolu bir yer oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek gerekti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Geleneksel bilim sadece anlamaya ve \u00e7\u00f6zmeye gereksinim hissetse de, ileri safhalara b\u00f6l\u00fcnen bilim t\u00fcrleri sadece \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi de\u011fil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden \u00f6te ilerlemeyi de kapsar. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli say\u0131lan bilim dallar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 matematik, geometri, g\u00f6k bilimi ve t\u0131pt\u0131r. \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli matematiksel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme sistemlerinin geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi ilk zamanlardan bu yana h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeni form\u00fcller, sistemler, kuramlar geli\u015ftirilmektedir ki bu da bilimin s\u00fcreklili\u011fine bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bilim deneye \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verir ve bilimsel y\u00f6ntem deneye dayan\u0131r. Bu evre, i\u015flenen konuyu daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lman\u0131n yan\u0131nda belirli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtur. Bir\u00a0varsay\u0131m\u00a0(hipotez), muhtelif s\u0131namalar sonucunda do\u011frulan\u0131rsa\u00a0kuram\u00a0(teori) stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc alabilir ve temel ta\u015f niteli\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcnebilir. Bilimin sonsuz bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fimi yads\u0131namaz bir durumdur. Zaman i\u00e7inde alt dallara b\u00f6l\u00fcnen bilim\u00a0say\u0131sal\u00a0ve\u00a0sosyal\u00a0alanlarda ayr\u0131 konulara b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f; fakat nitelik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 amaca hizmet etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n